BROKEN HILL, Australia – Chikunguru 7, 2025– Mukati meNew South Wales, nyanzvi yezve geology Sarah Chen anonyatsotarisa dombo idzva rakapatsanurwa. Dombo racho rinopenya, rakaita segirazi, rine magadzirirwo akasiyana eshuga. “Ndizvo zvakanaka,” anodaro achigunun’una, achiratidza kugutsikana achicheka guruva. “99.3% SiO₂. Mutsinga uyu unogona kumhanya kwemakiromita.” Chen haasi kutsvaga goridhe kana nyika isingawanikwe; ari kutsvaga chicherwa chiri kuramba chichikosha, asi chinowanzo furatirwa, cheindasitiri: kuchena kwakanyanya.dombo resilica, hwaro hwenguva yedu yeruzivo rwetekinoroji.
Zvinopfuura Jecha Kungoti
Inowanzo zivikanwa se quartzite kana kuti jecha rakachena zvikuru, dombo re silica idombo rechisikigo rinoumbwa ne silicon dioxide (SiO₂). Kunyange zvazvo jecha re silica richinyanya kutariswa, rine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro.dombo resilicaMadhaimondi ane zvakanakira zvakasiyana: kugadzikana kukuru kwenzvimbo, kusvibiswa kwakaderera, uye, mune dzimwe nguva, huwandu hwakawanda hwakakodzera mabasa makuru ekuchera migodhi kwenguva refu. Hazvina kunaka, asi basa razvo nderekutanga.
“Nyika yemazuva ano inofamba nesilicon,” anotsanangura kudaro Dr. Arjun Patel, nyanzvi yezvekushandisa zvinhu paSingapore Institute of Technology. “Kubva pachip iri mufoni yako kusvika kune solar panel iri padenga rako, girazi riri muhwindo rako, uye fiber optic cable iri kuzivisa nhau idzi - zvese zvinotanga nesilicon yakachena kwazvo. Uye chinhu chinonyanya kushanda uye chinodhura chesilicon iyoyo idombo resilica rakachena kwazvo. Pasina iro, tekinoroji yese uye green energy ecosystem inomira.”
Kumhanya Kwepasi Pose: Manyuko Nezvinetso
Kutsvaga premiumdombo resilicakuri kuwedzera pasi rose. Makey deposits anowanikwa mu:
Ositireriya:Matunhu akaita seBroken Hill nePilbara ane matombo makuru ekare equartzite, anokosheswa nekuda kwekubatana kwawo uye simbi shoma. Makambani akaita seAustralian Silica Quartz Ltd. (ASQ) ari kuwedzera mashandiro awo nekukurumidza.
Nyika dzakabatana:Makomo eAppalachian, kunyanya nzvimbo dziri muWest Virginia nePennsylvania, ane zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvequartzite. Spruce Ridge Resources Ltd. ichangobva kuzivisa mhedzisiro yekuyedza inovimbisa kubva kupurojekiti yavo huru muWest Virginia, ichiratidza mukana wayo wekugadzira silicon yemhando yezuva.
Bhuraziri:Nzvimbo dzakapfuma dze quartzite mudunhu reMinas Gerais ndidzo dzinonyanya kukonzera matambudziko ezvivakwa, kunyange hazvo dzimwe nguva zvichikanganisa kucherwa kwevhu.
Scandinavia:Norway neSweden dzine mari yemhando yepamusoro, inofarirwa nevagadziri vetekinoroji vekuEurope kuti vawane nzira pfupi uye dzakavimbika dzekutengesa.
China:Kunyange zvazvo iri mugadziri mukuru, kunetseka kuripo pamusoro pemitemo yezvakatipoteredza uye kugara kwakasimba kwehuwandu hwemvura yakachena kubva mumigodhi midiki, zvichiita kuti vatengi vekunze vatsvage dzimwe nzira dzekushandisa.
"Makwikwi acho akasimba," anodaro Lars Bjornson, CEO weNordic Silica Minerals. "Makore gumi apfuura, silica yaitengeswa zvakanyanya. Nhasi, zvinodiwa zvakabatikana zvikuru. Hatisi kungotengesa matombo chete; tiri kutengesa hwaro hwemawafers esilicon akachena zvakanyanya. Zvinhu zvakaita seboron, phosphorus, kana iron pazvikamu pamamiriyoni zvinogona kuva njodzi huru pakukohwa kwema semiconductor. Vatengi vedu vanoda chokwadi che geology uye kugadziriswa kwakasimba."
Kubva paMatombo Ekuchera Matongo Kuenda kuChip: Rwendo rweKuchenesa
Kushandura dombo resilica rakaoma kuita chinhu chakanaka chinodiwa nehunyanzvi kunoda nzira yakaoma, inoda simba rakawanda:
Kuchera & Kupwanya:Matombo makuru anoburitswa, kazhinji kuburikidza nekuputisa mumigodhi yakavhurika, obva apwanywa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, zvakafanana.
Kubatsirwa:Dombo rakapwanyika rinogezwa, kupatsanurwa nemagnetic, uye kutenderera kuti ribvise tsvina yakawanda yakaita sevhu, feldspar, uye zvicherwa zvine iron.
Kugadziriswa Kwekupisa Kwakanyanya:Zvidimbu zve quartz zvakacheneswa zvinozopiswa zvakanyanya. Muma arc ovens ari pasi pemvura, zvinosangana necarbon sources (senge coke kana wood chips) kuti zvigadzire metallurgical-grade silicon (MG-Si). Iyi ndiyo mbishi yealuminium alloys nemamwe masoja ezuva.
Kucheneswa Kwakanyanya:Pamagetsi (semiconductor chips) uye masero ezuva anoshanda zvakanyanya, MG-Si inoramba ichigadziriswazve. Siemens Process kana kuti fluidized bed reactors inoshandura MG-Si kuita gasi re trichlorosilane, iro rinozonyungudutswa kusvika rachena zvakanyanya uye rinoiswa se polysilicon ingots. Idzi ingots dzinochekwa muwafers dzakatetepa kwazvo dzinova moyo wema microchips nemasero ezuva.
Masimba Ekufambisa: AI, Zuva, uye Kugara Kwenguva Refu
Kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwezvinhu kunokonzerwa nekukwira kwemitengo panguva imwe chete:
Kuwanda kweAI:Ma semiconductor epamusoro, anoda ma silicon wafers akachena nguva dzose, ndiwo mainjini ehungwaru hwekugadzira. Nzvimbo dzedata, ma AI chips, uye makombiyuta anoshanda zvakanyanya vatengi vasingagutsikane.
Kuwedzera Simba rezuva:Zvirongwa zvepasi rose zvekusimudzira simba rinogona kushandiswazve zvawedzera kudiwa kwemapaneru emagetsi ezuva (photovoltaic (PV). Silicon yakachena kwazvo inokosha kuti masero ezuva ashande zvakanaka. Sangano reInternational Energy Agency (IEA) rinofungidzira kuti simba remagetsi ezuva rePV richawedzera katatu panosvika gore ra2030, zvichiisa kumanikidzwa kukuru pamagetsi emagetsi esilicon.
Kugadzira Kwepamusoro:Quartz yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakachena kwazvo, inobva mudombo resilica, inokosha pazvigadziko zvinoshandiswa mukukura kwesilicon crystal, ma optics akasarudzika, labware inodziya zvakanyanya, uye michina yekugadzira semiconductor.
Tambo Yakasimba Yekuchengetedza
Kukura uku hakusi pasina matambudziko makuru ezvakatipoteredza uye evanhu. Kuchera silica, kunyanya mabasa ekuchera makomba akavhurika, kunochinja nzvimbo uye kunodya mvura yakawanda. Kudzora guruva kwakakosha nekuda kwenjodzi yekufema yecrystalline silica (silicosis). Maitiro ekuchenesa anotora simba rakawanda anobatsira mukuderedza mafambiro ecarbon.
"Kuwana zvinhu zvine musoro kwakakosha," anosimbisa kudaro Maria Lopez, mukuru weESG weTechMetals Global, kambani huru inogadzira polysilicon. "Tinoongorora vatengesi vedu vematombo esilica zvakasimba - kwete chete pakuchena, asiwo pakutarisira mvura, kudzima guruva, zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa ivhu, uye kubatanidzwa kwenharaunda. Ruzivo rweindasitiri yetekinoroji rwekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza runoenderana nekuchengetedza zvinhu zvakachena kubva kumatombo emugodhi kusvika kumatombo emugodhi. Vatengi nevanoisa mari vari kuda izvozvo."
Ramangwana: Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva Uye Kushaikwa Kwazvo?
Nyanzvi dzezve geology dzakadai saSarah Chen dziri pamberi. Kutsvaga kuri kuenderera mberi nekutsvaga nzvimbo itsva, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzakadzika uye nzvimbo dzakamboonekwa sedzakanga dzisingatarisirwi. Kudzokorodza silicon kubva kuma solar panels nemagetsi zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera kusimba asi zvichiri kunetsa uye parizvino zvinopa chikamu chidiki chezvinodiwa.
"Kune dombo resilica rakawanda uye rakachena zvakanyanya rinogona kuwanikwa netekinoroji iripo," Chen anonyevera, achipukuta ziya pahuma yake sezvo zuva reAustralia richipisa. "Kuwana zvinhu zvitsva zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuchenesa pasina mari yakawanda yekugadzirisa kuri kuramba kuchioma. Dombo iri ... harina magumo. Tinofanira kuribata senzvimbo chaiyo yekuvaka."
Zuva parinonyura pamusoro pemugodhi weBroken Hill, richikanda mimvuri mirefu pamusoro pematura machena esilica anopenya, kukura kwebasa iri kunosimbisa chokwadi chakadzama. Pasi peruzha rweAI uye kupenya kwemapaneru ezuva pane dombo rekare rakapfava. Kuchena kwaro kunotungamira kumhanya kwekufambira mberi kwedu kwetekinoroji, zvichiita kuti kutsvaga pasi rose dombo resilica repamusoro kuve imwe yenyaya dzakakosha, kana dzisina kunyatsotaurwa, dzemaindasitiri enguva yedu.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-07-2025